He typified the spirit of good cheer at Christmas, bringing peace, joy, good food and wine and revelry. Father Christmasįather Christmas dates back as far as 16th century in England during the reign of Henry VIII, when he was pictured as a large man in green or scarlet robes lined with fur. But Nicholas remained popular as gifts bearer for the people. Martin Luther first suggested the Christkind as the bringer of gifts. Nicholas, to focus the interest of the children to Christ instead of the veneration of saints. The custom of gifting to children at Christmas has been propagated by Martin Luther as an alternative to the previous very popular gift custom on St. This date was earlier than the original day of gifts for the children, which moved in the course of the Reformation and its opposition to the veneration of saints in many countries on 24 and 25 December. ĭuring the Middle Ages, often on the evening before his name day of 6 December, children were bestowed gifts in his honour. He is also the patron saint of both Amsterdam and Moscow. Saint Nicholas was later claimed as a patron saint of many diverse groups, from archers, sailors, and children to pawnbrokers. This tradition was confirmed in two important scientific investigations of the relics in Bari and Venice, which revealed that the relics in the two Italian cities belong to the same skeleton. Nicholas' vandalized sarcophagus can still be seen in the St. Nicholas, the patron of sailors, was built on the San Nicolò al Lido. These were later taken by Venetian sailors during the First Crusade and placed in Venice, where a church to St. Sailors from Bari collected just half of Nicholas' skeleton, leaving all the minor fragments in the church sarcophagus. Nicholas to Bari, where they are now enshrined in the Basilica di San Nicola. Over the objection of the monks of Myra the sailors took the bones of St. In 1087, while the Greek Christian inhabitants of Myra were subjugated by the newly arrived Muslim Seljuq dynasty, and soon after their Greek Orthodox church had been declared to be in schism by the Catholic church (1054 AD), a group of merchants from the Italian city of Bari removed the major bones of Nicholas's skeleton from his sarcophagus in the Greek church in Myra. In continental Europe (more precisely the Netherlands, Belgium, Austria, the Czech Republic and Germany), he is usually portrayed as a bearded bishop in canonical robes. He was very religious from an early age and devoted his life entirely to Christianity. Nicholas was known for his generous gifts to the poor, in particular presenting the three impoverished daughters of a pious Christian with dowries so that they would not have to become prostitutes. Saint Nicholas was a 4th-century Greek Christian bishop of Myra (now Demre) in the region of Lycia in the Roman Empire, today in Turkey. This image has been maintained and reinforced through song, radio, television, children's books, family Christmas traditions, films, and advertising. Caricaturist and political cartoonist Thomas Nast also played a role in the creation of Santa's image. This image became popular in the United States and Canada in the 19th century due to the significant influence of the 1823 poem " A Visit from St. He is commonly portrayed as laughing in a way that sounds like "ho ho ho".
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Santa is generally depicted as a portly, jolly, white- bearded man, often with spectacles, wearing a red coat with white fur collar and cuffs, white-fur-cuffed red trousers, red hat with white fur, and black leather belt and boots, carrying a bag full of gifts for children. The modern character of Santa is based on folklore traditions surrounding Saint Nicholas, the English figure of Father Christmas and the Dutch figure of Sinterklaas. He supposedly accomplishes this with the aid of Christmas elves, who make the toys in his workshop, often said to be at the North Pole, and flying reindeer who pull his sleigh through the air. Santa Claus, also known as Father Christmas, Saint Nicholas, Saint Nick, Kris Kringle, or simply Santa, is a legendary character originating in Western Christian culture who is said to bring children gifts during the late evening and overnight hours on Christmas Eve of toys and candy or coal or nothing, depending on whether they are "naughty or nice". Santa Claus portrayed by Jonathan Meath in 2010
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